US v. Milheiser - 9th Circuit Wire Fraud Decision

The 9th Circuit last week released its opinion in United States v. Milheiser, 16-CR-00076, in which the Court overturned six convictions of defendants who had been convicted of mail fraud and conspiracy to commit mail fraud arising from the defendants’ sales companies’ aggressive tactics in selling printer toner. The 9th Circuit adopted the “benefit of the bargain” theory of wire fraud, under which individuals cannot be convicted of wire fraud if the alleged victims received the “benefit of the bargain,” even if they were induced to make a purchase through misrepresentations.

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Securities, white-collar defense, SEC, Federal Fraud laws Constantine Economides Securities, white-collar defense, SEC, Federal Fraud laws Constantine Economides

Should the Securities Exchange Act and 18 U.S.C. § 1348 Have the Same “Materiality” Standard?

Prosecutors frequently argue that 18 USC 1348 (Title 18 securities fraud) has a lower materiality standard than Title 15 securities fraud (10b-5). This blog post argues that there is little reason for courts to impose a lower materiality standard for the same conduct.

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Crypto, Securities, Howey Test, white-collar defense Constantine Economides Crypto, Securities, Howey Test, white-collar defense Constantine Economides

Security Today, Non-Security Tomorrow: Have Recent Crypto Decisions Under the Howey Test Created Unworkable Standards?

For years, courts viewed the “Howey” test as clear guidance as to whether a particular asset or investment was a security. Now, recent inconsistent decisions, particularly in the crypto space, have questioned that clear guidance. The effect is a rekindling the debate as to whether the term “investment contract” is void for vagueness because it fails to give people and businesses a reasonable answer as to what is or is not a security.

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Crypto Riley Hiatt Crypto Riley Hiatt

Crypto Terminology Cheat Sheet

Decentralized Finance (DeFi): The overall ecosystem of crypto-currency and blockchain. DeFi is a response to issues with centralized financial exchanges (banks, brokerages, etc.) and uses the new technologies of crypto and blockchain to remove third party intermediaries. It allows for direct peer-to-peer financial transactions.  

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Crypto, Securities, Howey Test, Constitution Constantine Economides Crypto, Securities, Howey Test, Constitution Constantine Economides

Is It Time to Re-Assess Whether the Term “Investment Contract” in the Securities Act and Exchange Act is Unconstitutionally Vague?

For years, courts viewed the “Howey” test as clear guidance as to whether a particular asset or investment was a security. Now, recent inconsistent decisions, particularly in the crypto space, have questioned that clear guidance. The effect is a rekindling the debate as to whether the term “investment contract” is void for vagueness because it fails to give people and businesses a reasonable answer as to what is or is not a security.

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New Federal Legislation Criminalizes the “Demand Side” of Bribery (Foreign Corrupt Practices Act)

The Foreign Extortion prevention Act ("FEPA" or the "Act") was passed as part of the 2024 National Defense Authorization Act ("NDAA"), was passed in Congress with bipartisan support and signed into law by President Biden. FEPA is the first U.S. regulation intended to regulate the "demand side" of foreign bribery--creating a direct criminal statute against foreign officials who solicit or accept bribes from a company or individual in the U.S.

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Legislation, massachusetts, new york, florida Riley Hiatt Legislation, massachusetts, new york, florida Riley Hiatt

A New Year, New Legislation: New York, Massachusetts, and Florida

It is critical to keep up with the most recent legislative developments in law. Three states—New York, Massachusetts, and Florida—have enacted a plethora of new legislation that will affect individuals, companies, and communities as we enter 2024. This year is bringing with it a flurry of legislative modifications that need attention, from major tax cuts to workers' rights improvements.  Below are a few of the highlights:

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Dynamis Eric Rosen Dynamis Eric Rosen

Introducing Dynamis

Introducing Dynamis LLP: A new, client-centered litigation boutique focusing on white-collar defense and complex civil litigation with offices in Boston, New York and Miami.

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